Effects of parent materials on morphilogical, physico-chemical and mineralogical soil properties in South of Urmia lake(case study: miandoab Region)
Executor of project: Dr. Raziye Lak
Project Associates: Dr. Elham Habibi - Dr. Hossean Torabi Golsefidi - Dr. Shahla mahmoudi - Hamid Reza Momtaz
2019
According to recent environmental crisis and drying of Urmia Lake that affecting surrounding lands, this study was conducted to evaluate the physico-chemical properties, weathering rates and evolution of soils by using various weathering indices and forms of Iron in Miandoab Township. Two soil profiles were dug and dissected on each parent rock, but one soil profile is used in the results of the article. 19 soil profiles were dug on different parent rocks. A total of about 107 soil samples, 10 rock samples and 40 soil samples were prepared for micromorphological studies. Macromorphological results showed that the soils studied in this study were in the category of inseptisols and entisols. And the difference in the type of parent material in physiography and different slopes affect the physicochemical properties of soils. So that in sloping lands, shallow soils are located with low development, but in flat lands, soils had more profile development. Also, the results of this study in iron section showed that a significant part of iron is in the form of crystalline and showed a low level of iron activity index in entisol with low soil profile evolution. According to the obtained geochemical results, it was found that in terms of chemical weathering indices, indices whose formula is based on the ratio of non-mobile element to mobile oxides are more suitable for estimating the intensity of weathering in the region. The predominant clay minerals in the area were illite, kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite, palygorskite and mixed minerals. Micromorphological studies of iron and manganese oxide accumulation phenomena identified the location of lime accumulations and the arrangement of components. Soils located on lime parent materials represent soil formation process, coatings and various calcite filling pedofeatures. Accumulations of calcium carbonate and nuclear nodules were also observed on salty and clay zones. In most young alluvial soils, calcium carbonate is found in the form of scattered micrite spots in thin sections. In addition, iron oxides were observed in the rock matrix which showed more concentration around the pores.
